As discussed in class, you have a choice in how you wish to satisfy the final exam requirement. Your first choice is to follow the instructions below in writing three essays, and turning them in to me by the due date. Your second choice is to use the questions and subjects listed below to study for an in-class exam to be held at 1:00 p.m. on Friday, 12^th May, in our regularly-scheduled classroom (TH305). If you choose the second option, the in-class exam will consist of 30 short-answer questions, based on the categories listed below, and one short essay question. Each of the short-answer questions will be worth 3 points (partial credit will be given for partially-correct or incomplete responses) and the essay will be worth 20 points. (The total of 110 points allows for a 10 point "margin of error.") You will be given 2 hours to complete the exam.

If you opt to complete the exam at home during the next week, you should follow the directions below:

Your essays will be graded for specific content, as well as for the elegance of the arguments expressed. In terms of the specific content, use the attached list as a guide, and include as many as possible of the listed concepts and subjects in the text of your essays. When you include a subject or concept, underline the term when it occurs in the text. If the term occurs several times in your text, underline the most significant occurrence; if the term itself does not occur in the text (if, for example, you describe the concept without using the term), include the term in parentheses, underlined, following the major part of its use. Each term or concept will only earn points once in the course of your entire exam. I will award up to three points for each term included (depending on how well you use the term), up to a maximum of 90 points total for the exam. Accordingly, it is to your benefit to include as many terms as possible as you answer the essays -- it will be possible to accumulate more than 90 points, but only 90 will count toward your final grade.

In addition to this content-based score, I will award up to 20 points for the elegance of your essay responses over all. This should provide some incentive to write essays that (in the larger sense) say something useful and/or make an effective argument. In other words, you should try not to make your essays simply loosely-related lists of definitions. The total possible score of 110 points allows for a 10-point "grace zone;" grades will be awarded on a 100-point scale.

1. Is a trade war between the major trade blocks inevitable? Describe the major factors that could lead to, and those that could prevent such an eventuality.
2. There has been recent debate in the news about whether the US should build a Missile Defense System, in contravention of the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty signed with the Soviet Union thirty years ago. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of such a proposal based on: (1) its merits in terms of defense & deterrence theory, and (2) your understanding of the meaning and importance of treaties in international law.
3. What do you believe to be the promise of International Governance? Discuss this question with relation to the role of international institutions (such as the UN, WTO, IMF & World Bank) and their role in ensuring cooperation and avoiding war.

• System; International System
• Balance of Power
• Bipolar v. Multipolar
• Realism v. Utopianism
• Sovereignty

• Isolationism
• National interest

• Interventionism
• Idealism
• Self-Interest
• Superpower

• Hegemony
• Imperial Overstretch

• Nationalism
• Pre-emption; pre-emptive strike (Ch. 12)

• Huntington’s Civilizational Theory

• Dependency Theory

• Modernization Theory
• neocolonialism

• Security
• Deterrence

• Extended Deterrence
• Minimum Deterrence
• Second Strike Capability

• Détente (Ch 6)
• Disarmament (Ch. 13)
• Defense
• Credibility

• Nuclear v. Conventional Force
• (Nuclear) Proliferation
• Arms Control

• Alliance, Politics of
• Doctrine of Comparative Advantage

• Trade Surplus/Deficit

• Protectionism
• Globalization

• Diplomacy (Bilateral & Multilateral)
• Morgenthau’s 9 rules

• Reciprocity
• Stages of Treaty making
• Bilateral v. multilateral Treaties
• Sanctions (legal & extralegal)
• Sovereignty (Ch. 1)
• Reprisals
• Recognition
• Territory & Territoriality
• Comity

• Peacekeeping & Peacemaking (Ch. 21)
• Collective Security
• Mediation, Arbitration
• Third Party, Good Offices

• Causes of War
• Escalation
• Preventive Diplomacy
• The Democratic Peace
• Peace Enforcement